Search for: All records

{"Abstract":["Last modified: January 09, 2025\n\nIntroductionThis dataset comprises all bee interactions indexed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI; Poelen et al. 2014). It is published quarterly by the Big Bee Project (Seltmann et al. 2021) to summarize all available knowledge about bee interactions from natural history collections, community science observations (i.e., iNaturalist), and the literature. Interactions include flower visitation, parasitic interactions (mite, viral), lecty, and many others.\n\nData DescriptionPlease see the integration process page to better understand how Global Biotic Interactions combines datasets from various sources. The complete interaction dataset for all species can be accessed via https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/data.\n\nData is filtered for unique records based on the interaction description and source citation. Archives contain full data records and unique filtered records in tab-delimited format.\n\nDataset column name definitions https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interactionFields or https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interactionFields\n\nDuplicate records occur in the database because more than one provider shares information. This is most frequently occuring in museum specimen data and duplicates can be identified evaluating the institutionCode, collectionCode and catalogNumber fields. The file catalogNumber_counts.tsv groups records by these three fields for this dataset, but does not filter out duplicate records. Additionally, this dataset includes the citation information provided by the data publisher. The provided sourceCitation may not include information about the primary provider (often the natural history collection) the specimen data originates and the catalogNumber should be referenced to understand the original source of the data.\n\nIf you know of a missing dataset, or wish to share your dataset, please contact us!\n\n \n\nMetrics\n\n\n\n\nDate\n\n\nTotal bee records\n\n\n\n07-17-2020\n232,906\n\n\n01-24-2021\n257,738\n\n\n11-17-2021\n226,160\n\n\n06-01-2022\n286,818\n\n\n11-07-2022\n429,308\n\n\n01-18-2024\n842,819\n\n\n07-03-2024\n1,109,057\n\n\n01-09-2025\n1,223,768\n\n\n11-25-2025\n2,480,473\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\nDate\nAndrenidae\nApidae\nColletidae\nHalictidae\n\n\n07-17-2020\n73,463\n106,222\n20,821\n58,880\n\n\n01-24-2021\n77,824\n120,919\n21,376\n63,945\n\n\n11-17-2021\n25,535\n134,517\n10,568\n43,070\n\n\n06-01-2022\n78,016\n144,827\n20,409\n64,054\n\n\n11-07-2022\n84,172\n171,378\n30,792\n79,155\n\n\n01-18-2024\n166,473\n334,224\n63,847\n171,931\n\n\n07-03-2024\n\n\n289,400\n\n\n\n371,953\n\n\n\n83,337\n\n\n\n190,562\n\n\n\n01-09-2025\n\n\n204,565\n\n\n\n686,195\n\n\n\n70,724\n\n\n\n241,856\n\n\n\n11-25-2025\n\n\n269,191\n\n\n\n1,509,768\n\n\n\n129,763\n\n\n\n386,203\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\n\n\n\nDate\nMegachilidae\nMelittidae\nStenotritidae\n\n\n07-17-2020\n44,449\n2,511\n23\n\n\n01-24-2021\n48,856\n2,624\n18\n\n\n11-17-2021\n37,001\n995\n9\n\n\n06-01-2022\n54,516\n2,994\n18\n\n\n11-07-2022\n61,391\n2,396\n24\n\n\n01-18-2024\n100,814\n5,088\n442\n\n\n07-03-2024\n\n\n162,587\n\n\n\n4,964\n\n438\n\n\n01-09-2025\n\n\n126,113\n\n\n\n5,928\n\n441\n\n\n11-25-2025\n\n\n174,935\n\n\n\n9,764\n\n849\n\n\n\n\n \n\nIncluded files\n\n\n\nfilter_and_count_bee_families.sh - script for separating bee records into family and counting number of records for each family\n\ncitation-count.sh - script for counting citations\n\nfamily_counts.tsv - counts by family\n\nglobi-bees-filtered_file.tsv.gz - list of all bee interaction data indexed on Global Biotic Interactions from GloBI version 2025-Nov-25 produced by [filter_and_count_bee_families.sh].\n\ninteractions.tsv.gz - archive of the full Global Biotic Interaction dataset on November 25, 2025. Downloaded from https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org\n\n\n \n\nInteraction Sources\n\nBelow is a list of sources that contributed to this dataset, along with raw counts of unique interactions and links to the corresponding digital archives and reviews. These datasets are indexed and reviewed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) using automated, reproducible workflows that extract species-interaction records, reconcile taxonomic names against authoritative catalogs, and summarize the findings. Each review produces a versioned digital archive to ensure long-term preservation and to document data provenance. For details, see the Methods section within each linked archive.\n\n\n\n\ncount\nsource\n\n\n276746\n\n\n\n\nhttp://iNaturalist.org is a place where you can record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, and learn about the natural world.\n\n\n\n\n266822\n\n\n\n\nReji Chacko, M., Albouy, C., Altermatt, F., Brändle, M., Casanelles Abella, J., Boussange, V., Campell, F., Ellis, W. N., Fopp, F., Gossner, M. M., Ho., H., Joss, A., Kipf, P., Neff, F., Petrović, A., Prié, V., Tomanović, Ž., Zimmerli, N., Pellissier, L. (2024). trophiCH v1 - a food web for Switzerland. EnviDat. https://www.doi.org/10.16904/envidat.467.\n\n\n\n\n258683\n\n\n\n\nUSGS Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) IPT\n\n\n\n\n180849\n\n\n\n\necdysis - a portal for live-managing arthropod occurrence data\n\n\n\n\n113301\n\n\n\n\nDigital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2015-03-18. National Science Foundation grant DBI 0956388; PBI: Phytophagous Insects as a Model Group for Documenting Planetary Biodiversity (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae, Phylinae). Version: 08 Mar 2016. National Science Foundation grant DBI#0316495; Tri-Trophic Thematic Collection Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 08 Mar 2016. http://tcn.amnh.org/. National Science Foundation grant(s) EF#1115081, EF#1115103, EF#1115080, EF#1115144, EF#1115191, EF#1115104, EF#1115115\n\n\n\n\n112006\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of Kansas Natural History Museum - Snow Entomological Museum Collection\n\n\n\n\n79134\n\n\n\n\nSymbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN)\n\n\n\n\n62736\n\n\n\n\nFrost Entomological Museum, Pennsylvania State University\n\n\n\n\n49513\n\n\n\n\nLanuza et al. (2025), EuPPollNet: A European Database of Plant-Pollinator Networks. Global Ecol Biogeogr, 34: e70000. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.70000\n\n\n\n\n41298\n\n\n\n\nBalfour, N.J., Castellanos, M.C., Goulson, D., Philippides, A. and Johnson, C., 2022. DoPI: The Database of Pollinator Interactions. Ecology, 103, e3801.\n\n\n\n\n28517\n\n\n\n\nPaDIL Bee records from the Pests and Diseases Image Library, http://www.padil.gov.au.\n\n\n\n\n27114\n\n\n\n\nGuzman, Laura Melissa; Kelly, Tyler; Elle, Elizabeth, 2022, "A dataset for pollinator diversity and their interactions with plants in the Pacific NorthWest", https://doi.org/10.5683/SP3/WTEZNH, Borealis, V1\n\n\n\n\n24564\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of Michigan Museum of Zoology Insect Division. Full Database Export 2020-11-20 provided by Erika Tucker and Barry Oconner.\n\n\n\n\n23727\n\n\n\n\nCarril OM, Griswold T, Haefner J, Wilson JS. (2018) Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity. PeerJ 6:e5867 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5867\n\n\n\n\n18757\n\n\n\n\nA. Thessen. 2014. Species associations extracted from EOL text data objects via text mining.\n\n\n\n\n18003\n\n\n\n\nPensoft Darwin Core Archives available via Integrated Publication Toolkit\n\n\n\n\n17603\n\n\n\n\nDorey, J.B., Fischer, E.E., Chesshire, P.R. et al. A globally synthesised and flagged bee occurrence dataset and cleaning workflow. Sci Data 10, 747 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02626-w\n\n\n\n\n17088\n\n\n\n\nVandame R, Mérida J, Sagot P, Madrigal González D, Bedolla García B Y, González-Vanegas P A, Cultid-Medina C A, Barrios J M (2023). Potential host plant records recovered from ECOAB wild bee collection, Mexico. Version 1.10. Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad.\n\n\n\n\n15763\n\n\n\n\nSchwarz, Benjamin et al. (2021). Data from: Temporal scale-dependence of plant-pollinator networks [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qz612jmbp\n\n\n\n\n10211\n\n\n\n\nPensoft Darwin Core Archives with associateTaxa columns\n\n\n\n\n9104\n\n\n\n\nAmerican Museum of Natural History Hymenoptera\n\n\n\n\n8678\n\n\n\n\nAubouin, L., Genoud, D., Givord-Coupeau, B. et al. BeeFunc, a comprehensive trait database for French bees. Sci Data 12, 1302 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05626-0\n\n\n\n\n8657\n\n\n\n\nWeb of Life. http://www.web-of-life.es .\n\n\n\n\n6600\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Division of Insects\n\n\n\n\n6331\n\n\n\n\nAllen-Perkins, Alfonso, Magrach, Ainhoa, Dainese, Matteo, Garibaldi, Lucas A., Kleijn, David, Rader, Romina, Reilly, James R., et al. 2022. "CropPol: A Dynamic, Open and Global Database on Crop Pollination." Ecology 103(3): e3614. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3614\n\n\n\n\n6290\n\n\n\n\nPurdue Entomological Research Collection\n\n\n\n\n6178\n\n\n\n\nRedhead, J.W.; Coombes, C.F.; Dean, H.J.; Dyer, R.; Oliver, T.H.; Pocock, M.J.O.; Rorke, S.L.; Vanbergen, A.J.; Woodcock, B.A.; Pywell, R.F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b\n\n\n\n\n5535\n\n\n\n\n@article{Hale_2024, title={A highly resolved network reveals the role of terrestrial herbivory in structuring aboveground food webs}, volume={379}, ISSN={1471-2970}, url={http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2023.0180}, DOI={10.1098/rstb.2023.0180}, number={1909}, journal={Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences}, publisher={The Royal Society}, author={Hale, Kayla R. S. and Curlis, John David and Auteri, Giorgia G. and Bishop, Sasha and French, Rowan L. K. and Jones, Lance E. and Mills, Kirby L. and Scholtens, Brian G. and Simons, Meagan and Thompson, Cody and Tourville, Jordon and Valdovinos, Fernanda S.}, year={2024}, month=jul }\n\n\n\n\n5531\n\n\n\n\nhttps://mangal.io - the ecological interaction database.\n\n\n\n\n5316\n\n\n\n\nClint Otto, Russ Bryant, and Ned H. Euliss Jr., 2020, The U.S. Geological Survey Pollinator Library Dataset: U.S. Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DSS3VL\n\n\n\n\n4688\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of Colorado Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection\n\n\n\n\n4680\n\n\n\n\nNational Database Plant Pollinators. Center for Plant Conservation at San Diego Zoo Global. Accessed via https://saveplants.org/national-collection/pollinator-search/ on 2020-06-05.\n\n\n\n\n4284\n\n\n\n\nSeltmann, K., Van Wagner, J., Behm, R., Brown, Z., Tan, E., & Liu, K. (2020). BID: A project to share biotic interaction and ecological trait data about bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). UC Santa Barbara: Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g21k7bf\n\n\n\n\n4169\n\n\n\n\nEardley C, Coetzer W. 2016. Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees.\n\n\n\n\n3709\n\n\n\n\nArizona State University Hasbrouck Insect Collection\n\n\n\n\n3619\n\n\n\n\nMaiorano, L., Montemaggiori, A., Ficetola, G.F., O’Connor, L. & Thuiller, W. (2020), Data from: Tetra-EU 1.0: a species-level trophic meta-web of European tetrapods, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.jm63xsj7b hash://md5/40b3d2de829d5f6d98ab71b0b5aa87fd\n\n\n\n\n3547\n\n\n\n\nMycology Collections Data Portal (MyCoPortal). https://mycoportal.org\n\n\n\n\n3140\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of New Hampshire Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection\n\n\n\n\n3124\n\n\n\n\nCaraDonna, P.J. 2020. Temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, CO, USA, 2013 - 2015 ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/27dc02fe1655e3896f20326fed5cb95f (Accessed 2021-04-16).\n\n\n\n\n3120\n\n\n\n\nLaManna, JA, Burkle, LA, Belote, RT, Myers, JA. Biotic and abiotic drivers of plant–pollinator community assembly across wildfire gradients. J Ecol. 2020; 00: 1– 14. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13530 .\n\n\n\n\n3039\n\n\n\n\nOllerton, J., Trunschke, J. ., Havens, K. ., Landaverde-González, P. ., Keller, A. ., Gilpin, A.-M. ., Rodrigo Rech, A. ., Baronio, G. J. ., Phillips, B. J., Mackin, C. ., Stanley, D. A., Treanore, E. ., Baker, E. ., Rotheray, E. L., Erickson, E. ., Fornoff, F. ., Brearley, F. Q. ., Ballantyne, G. ., Iossa, G. ., Stone, G. N., Bartomeus, I. ., Stockan, J. A., Leguizamón, J., Prendergast, K. ., Rowley, L., Giovanetti, M., de Oliveira Bueno, R., Wesselingh, R. A., Mallinger, R., Edmondson, S., Howard, S. R., Leonhardt, S. D., Rojas-Nossa, S. V., Brett, M., Joaqui, T., Antoniazzi, R., Burton, V. J., Feng, H.-H., Tian, Z.-X., Xu, Q., Zhang, C., Shi, C.-L., Huang, S.-Q., Cole, L. J., Bendifallah, L., Ellis, E. E., Hegland, S. J., Straffon Díaz, S., Lander, T. A. ., Mayr, A. V., Dawson, R. ., Eeraerts, M. ., Armbruster, W. S. ., Walton, B. ., Adjlane, N. ., Falk, S. ., Mata, L. ., Goncalves Geiger, A. ., Carvell, C. ., Wallace, C. ., Ratto, F. ., Barberis, M. ., Kahane, F. ., Connop, S. ., Stip, A. ., Sigrist, M. R. ., Vereecken, N. J. ., Klein, A.-M., Baldock, K. ., & Arnold, S. E. J. . (2022). Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 31, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)695\n\n\n\n\n2831\n\n\n\n\nRobert L. Minckley San Bernardino Valley from the year 2000 to 2011.\n\n\n\n\n2778\n\n\n\n\nHarvard University M, Morris P J (2021). Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University.\n\n\n\n\n2252\n\n\n\n\nGiselle Muschett & Francisco E. Fontúrbel. 2021. A comprehensive catalogue of plant – pollinator interactions for Chile\n\n\n\n\n2068\n\n\n\n\nCohen JM, Sauer EL, Santiago O, Spencer S, Rohr JR. 2020. Divergent impacts of warming weather on wildlife disease risk across climates. Science. doi:10.1126/science.abb1702\n\n\n\n\n2038\n\n\n\n\nSarah E. Miller. 07/06/2017. Information extracted from dataset https://www.idigbio.org/portal/recordsets/db4bb0df-8539-4617-ab5f-eb118aa3126b.\n\n\n\n\n1884\n\n\n\n\nInternational Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). Year of The Stomach Datasets.\n\n\n\n\n1815\n\n\n\n\nhttp://gomexsi.tamucc.edu\n\n\n\n\n1812\n\n\n\n\n@article {Keck2025.01.24.634685, author = {Keck, Fran{\\c c}ois and Broadbent, Henry and Altermatt, Florian},title = {Extracting massive ecological data on state and interactions of species using large language models},year = {2025},doi = {10.1101/2025.01.24.634685},journal = {bioRxiv}}\n\n\n\n\n1766\n\n\n\n\nFricke, E.C., Svenning, J. Accelerating homogenization of the global plant–frugivore meta-network. Nature 585, 74–78 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2640-y\n\n\n\n\n1654\n\n\n\n\nKlompen H, Johnson N (2018). Ohio State Acarology Laboratory (OSAL), Ohio State University. Museum of Biological Diversity, The Ohio State University. Accessed via https://mbd-db.osu.edu/hol/taxon_name/05fbf4bb-f8e1-404e-a27c-759d345aa4d0 on 2023-11-06 hash://sha256/fb23140e60f4889de35ae174b2570cf294012bff4f2c8c419c292af51c98c25f\n\n\n\n\n1619\n\n\n\n\nGrundler MC (2020) SquamataBase: a natural history database and R package for comparative biology of snake feeding habits. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49943. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49943\n\n\n\n\n1510\n\n\n\n\nBrose, U. (2018). GlobAL daTabasE of traits and food Web Architecture (GATEWAy) version 1.0 [Data set]. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. https://doi.org/10.25829/IDIV.283-3-756\n\n\n\n\n1502\n\n\n\n\nFlorida State Collection of Arthropods\n\n\n\n\n1431\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 6/19/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html.\n\n\n\n\n1351\n\n\n\n\nRubinigg M. 2023 Data on economic dependence of pollination by animals in crops as well as observations of pollinators on plant species, inon economic dependence of pollination by animals in crops as well as observations of pollinators on plant species, in particular crops. EU Pollinator Hub. [2025-08-28] app.pollinatorhub.eu\n\n\n\n\n1091\n\n\n\n\nMagrach, Ainhoa et al. (2017), Data from: Plant-pollinator networks in semi-natural grasslands are resistant to the loss of pollinators during blooming of mass-flowering crops, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k0q1n\n\n\n\n\n1057\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 4/18/2016. Species associations from Wardeh, M. et al. Database of host-pathogen and related species interactions, and their global distribution. Sci. Data 2:150049 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.49 (2015)\n\n\n\n\n1057\n\n\n\n\nWardeh, M., Risley, C., McIntyre, M. et al. Database of host-pathogen and related species interactions, and their global distribution. Sci Data 2, 150049 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2015.49\n\n\n\n\n958\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 5/30/2016. Interations from various papers.\n\n\n\n\n945\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection\n\n\n\n\n873\n\n\n\n\nEd Baker; Ian J. Kitching; George W. Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker et al. (2016). Dataset: NHM Interactions Bank. Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk). https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767\n\n\n\n\n870\n\n\n\n\nDel Risco, A.A., Montoya, Á.M., García, V. et al. Data synthesis and dynamic visualization converge into a comprehensive biotic interaction network: a case study of the urban and rural areas of Bogotá D.C.. Urban Ecosyst (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-021-01133-3\n\n\n\n\n857\n\n\n\n\nThe International Barcode of Life Consortium (2016). International Barcode of Life project (iBOL). Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/inygc6\n\n\n\n\n762\n\n\n\n\nOllerton J, Liede-Schumann S, Endress ME, Meve U, Rech AR, Shuttleworth A, Keller HA, Fishbein M, Alvarado-Cárdenas LO, Amorim FW, Bernhardt P, Celep F, Chirango Y, Chiriboga-Arroyo F, Civeyrel L, Cocucci A, Cranmer L, da Silva-Batista IC, de Jager L, Deprá MS, Domingos-Melo A, Dvorsky C, Agostini K, Freitas L, Gaglianone MC, Galetto L, Gilbert M, González-Ramírez I, Gorostiague P, Goyder D, Hachuy-Filho L, Heiduk A, Howard A, Ionta G, Islas-Hernández SC, Johnson SD, Joubert L, Kaiser-Bunbury CN, Kephart S, Kidyoo A, Koptur S, Koschnitzke C, Lamborn E, Livshultz T, Machado IC, Marino S, Mema L, Mochizuki K, Morellato LPC, Mrisha CK, Muiruri EW, Nakahama N, Nascimento VT, Nuttman C, Oliveira PE, Peter CI, Punekar S, Rafferty N, Rapini A, Ren ZX, Rodríguez-Flores CI, Rosero L, Sakai S, Sazima M, Steenhuisen SL, Tan CW, Torres C, Trøjelsgaard K, Ushimaru A, Vieira MF, Wiemer AP, Yamashiro T, Nadia T, Queiroz J, Quirino Z. The diversity and evolution of pollination systems in large plant clades: Apocynaceae as a case study. Ann Bot. 2019 Jan 23;123(2):311-325. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcy127. PMID: 30099492; PMCID: PMC6344220.\n\n\n\n\n760\n\n\n\n\nIllinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection\n\n\n\n\n721\n\n\n\n\nPoelen, J. H. (2024). A biodiversity dataset graph: Biological Associations in TaxonWorks hash://sha256/e4a47c067d6c125da60c9a1b92b5eecdea539cb8666cd3aed99db347ae5b8ed0 hash://md5/686007de79cc2a49ab23fd3debe56e3f [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11151783\n\n\n\n\n711\n\n\n\n\nTexas A&M University Insect Collection\n\n\n\n\n703\n\n\n\n\nNatural History Collections managed by Arctos (https://arctosdb.org) accessed via https://vertnet.org .\n\n\n\n\n688\n\n\n\n\nRusso, Laura; Fitzpatrick, Una; Larkin, Michelle et al. (2022). Database of plant-flower visitor interactions from Ireland [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.kwh70rz47\n\n\n\n\n634\n\n\n\n\nClassen, Alice; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf (2020): Plant-pollinator interactions along an elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911390\n\n\n\n\n627\n\n\n\n\nA review of the status of web-based African Plant-Pollinator Interaction data.\n\n\n\n\n607\n\n\n\n\nScott L. Gardner and Gabor R. Racz (2021). University of Nebraska State Museum - Parasitology. Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. University of Nebraska State Museum.\n\n\n\n\n590\n\n\n\n\nNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution IPT RSS Feed\n\n\n\n\n563\n\n\n\n\nRaymond, B., Marshall, M., Nevitt, G., Gillies, C., van den Hoff, J., Stark, J.S., Losekoot, M., Woehler, E.J., and Constable, A.J. (2011) A Southern Ocean dietary database. Ecology 92(5):1188. Available from http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/10-1907.1 . Data set supplied by Ben Raymond.\n\n\n\n\n555\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 6/22/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html.\n\n\n\n\n492\n\n\n\n\nRCPol: Online Pollen Catalogs Network. 2016. https://rcpol.org.br/\n\n\n\n\n480\n\n\n\n\nPinnegar, J.K. (2014). DAPSTOM - An Integrated Database & Portal for Fish Stomach Records. Version 4.7. Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK. February 2014, 39pp.\n\n\n\n\n459\n\n\n\n\nPardee, G.L., Ballare, K.M., Neff, J.L., Do, L.Q., Ojeda, D., Bienenstock, E.J., Brosi, B.J., Grubesic, T.H., Miller, J.A., Tong, D. and Jha, S., 2023. Local and Landscape Factors Influence Plant-Pollinator Networks and Bee Foraging Behavior across an Urban Corridor. Land, 12(2), p.362. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/2/362\n\n\n\n\n437\n\n\n\n\nThe Albert J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection\n\n\n\n\n409\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 6/25/2015. Species associations manually extracted from Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson.\n\n\n\n\n384\n\n\n\n\nBoreux, Virginie; Klein, Alexandra-Maria (2019). Global pollinator database. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.9980471.v1\n\n\n\n\n334\n\n\n\n\nFroese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (10/2018).\n\n\n\n\n320\n\n\n\n\nHurlbert, A. H., Olsen, A. M., Sawyer, M. M., and Winner, P. M. 2021. Avian Diet Database. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5151056\n\n\n\n\n296\n\n\n\n\nGlobal Web Database (http://globalwebdb.com): an online collection of food webs. Accessed via https://www.globalwebdb.com/Service/DownloadArchive on 2017-10-12.\n\n\n\n\n290\n\n\n\n\nCalifornia Academy of Sciences Entomology and Entomology Type Collection\n\n\n\n\n290\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 06/10/2015. Species associations manually extracted from Chamberlin, W. J. The Buprestidae of North America, Exclusive of Mexico, a Catalogue including Synonomy, Bibliography, Distribution, Type Locality and Hosts of Each Species,. 1926.\n\n\n\n\n274\n\n\n\n\nBENSCH, S., HELLGREN, O. and PÉREZ‐TRIS, J. (2009), MalAvi: a public database of malaria parasites and related haemosporidians in avian hosts based on mitochondrial cytochrome b lineages. Molecular Ecology Resources, 9: 1353-1358. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-0998.2009.02692.x\n\n\n\n\n263\n\n\n\n\nCanterbury Museum. (2025). Canterbury Museum (CMNZ) collection insect specimen-plant flower interactions (0.4) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15429172\n\n\n\n\n263\n\n\n\n\nFood Webs and Species Interactions in the Biodiversity of UK and Ireland (Online). 2017. Data provided by Malcolm Storey. Also available from http://bioinfo.org.uk.\n\n\n\n\n259\n\n\n\n\nhttp://invertebrates.si.edu/parasites.htm\n\n\n\n\n248\n\n\n\n\nWorldFAIR pilot data from: VisitationData_Luisa_Carvalheiro.\n\n\n\n\n246\n\n\n\n\nEneida L. Hatcher, Sergey A. Zhdanov, Yiming Bao, Olga Blinkova, Eric P. Nawrocki, Yuri Ostapchuck, Alejandro A. Schäffer, J. Rodney Brister, Virus Variation Resource – improved response to emergent viral outbreaks, Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 45, Issue D1, January 2017, Pages D482–D490, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1065 .\n\n\n\n\n230\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of Hawaii Insect Museum\n\n\n\n\n211\n\n\n\n\nPalomares, M.L.D. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. SeaLifeBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.sealifebase.org, version (10/2018).\n\n\n\n\n204\n\n\n\n\n@article{Sabino_2022, doi = {10.1016/j.agee.2022.108012}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.agee.2022.108012}, year = 2022, month = {sep}, publisher = {Elsevier {BV}}, volume = {335}, pages = {108012}, author = {William Sabino and Luciano Costa and Tamires Andrade and Juliana Teixeira and Gustavo Araújo and André Luís Acosta and Luísa Carvalheiro and Tereza Cristina Giannini}, title = {Status and trends of pollination services in Amazon agroforestry systems}, journal = {Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment}}\n\n\n\n\n181\n\n\n\n\nBrigham Young University Arthropod Museum\n\n\n\n\n179\n\n\n\n\nStokland, J.; Dahlberg, A.; Meyke, E.; Schigel, D.; Siitonen, J. (2006) The Nordic saproxylic database - a comprehensive overview of the biological diversity in dead wood. 1st European Congress of Conservation Biology - "Diversity for Europe". August 2006, Hungary. Book of Abstracts. Society of Conservation Biology (USA) & Blackwell Publishing (UK) p. 159 .\n\n\n\n\n169\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of Wisconsin Stevens Point, Stephen J. Taft Parasitological Collection\n\n\n\n\n164\n\n\n\n\nStephens, P. R., Pappalardo, P. , Huang, S. , Byers, J. E., Farrell, M. J., Gehman, A. , Ghai, R. R., Haas, S. E., Han, B. , Park, A. W., Schmidt, J. P., Altizer, S. , Ezenwa, V. O. and Nunn, C. L. (2017), Global Mammal Parasite Database version 2.0. Ecology, 98: 1476-1476. doi:10.1002/ecy.1799\n\n\n\n\n162\n\n\n\n\nBrose, U. et al., 2005. Body sizes of consumers and their resources. Ecology, 86(9), pp.2545–2545. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1890/05-0379.\n\n\n\n\n159\n\n\n\n\nCruz, G.L.T., Winck, G.R., D’Andrea, P.S. et al. Integrating databases for spatial analysis of parasite-host associations and the novel Brazilian dataset. Sci Data 10, 757 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02636-8\n\n\n\n\n143\n\n\n\n\nYale University Peabody Museum Collections Data Portal\n\n\n\n\n141\n\n\n\n\nWIRC / University of Wisconsin Madison WIS-IH / Wisconsin Insect Research Collection\n\n\n\n\n134\n\n\n\n\nBartomeus, Ignasi (2013): Plant-Pollinator Network Data. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.154863.v1\n\n\n\n\n133\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 12/13/2016. Species associations manually extracted from Onstad, D.W. EDWIP: Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens. Champaign, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey, [23/11/2016]. http://insectweb.inhs.uiuc.edu/Pathogens/EDWIP.\n\n\n\n\n128\n\n\n\n\nLlewelyn, J., Strona, G., Dickman, C.R., Greenville, A.C., Wardle, G.M., Lee, M.S.Y., Doherty, S., Shabani, F., Saltré, F. and Bradshaw, C.J.A. (2023), Predicting predator–prey interactions in terrestrial endotherms using random forest. Ecography e06619. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.06619\n\n\n\n\n119\n\n\n\n\nSpecies Interactions of Australia Database (SIAD): Helping us to understand species interactions in Australia and beyond. http://www.discoverlife.org/siad/ .\n\n\n\n\n116\n\n\n\n\nField Museum of Natural History IPT\n\n\n\n\n106\n\n\n\n\nGroom, Q.J., Maarten De Groot, M. & Marčiulynienė, D. (2020) Species interation data manually extracted from literature for species .\n\n\n\n\n106\n\n\n\n\nLintulaakso, K., Tatti, N. and Žliobaitė, I., 2023. Quantifying mammalian diets. Mammalian Biology, 103(1), pp.53-67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42991-022-00323-6\n\n\n\n\n99\n\n\n\n\nMihara, T., Nishimura, Y., Shimizu, Y., Nishiyama, H., Yoshikawa, G., Uehara, H., Hingamp, P., Goto, S., and Ogata, H.; Linking virus genomes with host taxonomy. Viruses 8, 66 doi:10.3390/v8030066 (2016).\n\n\n\n\n92\n\n\n\n\nSan Diego Natural History Museum\n\n\n\n\n79\n\n\n\n\nCarlson, C.J. et al., 2021. The Global Virome in One Network (VIRION): an atlas of vertebrate-virus associations. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.06.455442\n\n\n\n\n79\n\n\n\n\nCristina Preda and Quentin Groom. 2014. Species associations manually extracted from literature.\n\n\n\n\n72\n\n\n\n\nFaulwetter S, Markantonatou V, Pavloudi C, Papageorgiou N, Keklikoglou K, Chatzinikolaou E, Pafilis E, Chatzigeorgiou G, Vasileiadou K, Dailianis T, Fanini L, Koulouri P, Arvanitidis C (2014) Polytraits: A database on biological traits of marine polychaetes. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e1024. doi:10.3897/BDJ.2.e1024 . Available at http://polytraits.lifewatchgreece.eu.\n\n\n\n\n62\n\n\n\n\nUS National Museum of Natural History Ixodes Records\n\n\n\n\n60\n\n\n\n\nAlmeida, F. (2005) Trophic Ecology of Atlantic Cod, off Cape Cod, MA, from F/V Riena Marie NEC-FA2001-1 in the Gulf of Maine from 2001-2004 (NEC-CoopRes project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version final) Version Date 2005-10-01 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/3087\n\n\n\n\n54\n\n\n\n\nFarr, David F.; Rossman, Amy Y.; Castlebury, Lisa A. (2021). United States National Fungus Collections Fungus-Host Dataset. Ag Data Commons. https://doi.org/10.15482/USDA.ADC/1524414.\n\n\n\n\n53\n\n\n\n\nSoleto-Casas RC and Simões N (2020). Parasitic and commensal invertebrates of echinoderms from American Tropical And Subtropical Atlantic manually extracted from literature.\n\n\n\n\n48\n\n\n\n\nSemantic Prototypes in Research Ecoinformatics (SPIRE). Data provided by Joel Sachs. See also http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/get/a/publication/297.pdf .\n\n\n\n\n45\n\n\n\n\nOlito, Colin; Fox, Jeremy W. (2015), Data from: Species traits and abundances predict metrics of plant–pollinator network structure, but not pairwise interactions, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7st32\n\n\n\n\n43\n\n\n\n\nPrice Institute of Parasite Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah\n\n\n\n\n40\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 9/19/2017. Species associations manually extracted from Benesh, D. P., Lafferty, K. D. and Kuris, A. (2017), A life cycle database for parasitic acanthocephalans, cestodes, and nematodes. Ecology, 98: 882. doi:10.1002/ecy.1680\n\n\n\n\n37\n\n\n\n\nPocock, Michael J. O.; Evans, Darren M.; Memmott, Jane (2012), Data from: The robustness and restoration of a network of ecological networks, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3s36r118\n\n\n\n\n36\n\n\n\n\nQuentin J. Groom. 2020. Species interactions of species on the List of invasive alien species of Union concern\n\n\n\n\n34\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 6/20/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html.\n\n\n\n\n32\n\n\n\n\nBallantyne, Gavin; Baldock, Katherine C. R.; Willmer, Pat G. (2015), Data from: Constructing more informative plant-pollinator networks: visitation and pollen deposition networks in a heathland plant community, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.17pp3\n\n\n\n\n31\n\n\n\n\nShaw, LP, Wang, AD, Dylus, D, et al. The phylogenetic range of bacterial and viral pathogens of vertebrates. Mol Ecol. 2020; 29: 3361– 3379. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.15463\n\n\n\n\n27\n\n\n\n\nMuseum for Southwestern Biology (MSB) Parasite Collection\n\n\n\n\n27\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 5/17/2016. Wenzel, Rupert L., and Vernon J. Tipton. Appendix: Classified List of Hosts and Parasites. Chicago, Ill.: Field Museum of Natural History, 1966.\n\n\n\n\n26\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 9/19/2016. Species associations extracted from Graystock, P., Blane, E.J., McFrederick, Q.S., Goulson, D. and Hughes, W.O., 2016. Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 5(1), pp.64-75.\n\n\n\n\n23\n\n\n\n\nAgosti, Donat. 2020. Transcription of Linné, C. von, 1758. Systema naturae per regna tria naturae secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.542 .\n\n\n\n\n23\n\n\n\n\nUdy, Kristy; Reininghaus, Hannah; Scherber, Christoph; Tscharntke, Teja (2020), Data from: Plant-pollinator interactions along an urbanization gradient from cities and villages to farmland landscapes, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m906s\n\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n\nIPBES. (2016). The assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination and food production. Table 2.4.3 p88 Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3402857\n\n\n\n\n20\n\n\n\n\nSherman, Aja C.; Geiselman, Cullen; Simons, Nancy B.; Upham, Nathan S.; Poelen, Jorrit H.; Reeder, DeeAnn M.; Bertolino, Sandro; Groom, Quentin; Phelps, Kendra; Agosti, Donat; Willoughby, Anna R. In Preparation. Bat-Co-Roosting Database develop by the Biodiversity-related knowledge hub on COVID-19.\n\n\n\n\n19\n\n\n\n\nSeltzer, Carrie; Wysocki, William; Palacios, Melissa; Eickhoff, Anna; Pilla, Hannah; Aungst, Jordan; Mercer, Aaron; Quicho, Jamie; Voss, Neil; Xu, Man; J. Ndangalasi, Henry; C. Lovett, Jon; J. Cordeiro, Norbert (2015): Plant-animal interactions from Africa. figshare. https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1526128\n\n\n\n\n18\n\n\n\n\nJakovos Demetriou and Quentin Groom 2014. Species associations of Sceliphron manually extracted from literature.\n\n\n\n\n17\n\n\n\n\nSpecies Connect. https://speciesconnect.com\n\n\n\n\n16\n\n\n\n\nGeiselman, Cullen K. & Sarah Younger. 2020. Bat Eco-Interactions Database. www.batbase.org\n\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n\nFabricia Sousa Paz, Carlos Eduardo Pinto, Rafael Melo de Brito, Vera Lucia Imperatriz-Fonseca, Tereza Cristina Giannini, Edible Fruit Plant Species in the Amazon Forest Rely Mostly on Bees and Beetles as Pollinators, Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 114, Issue 2, April 2021, Pages 710–722, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa284\n\n\n\n\n14\n\n\n\n\nScientific Committee on Antarctic Research. (2023). SCAR Southern Ocean Diet and Energetics Database (2023-04-04) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7796465 hash://md5/e41e29d8fb3c2d731f292ec08798cf6b hash://md5/05abf23c0b9e5f4bc721ff407455af0a hash://sha256/7a344b858ab8d1daeca1da49843e8bf957f1116ff9e10a29176ab5c02cb49bef\n\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n\nBernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Research in Entomology\n\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n\nGaden S. Robinson; Phillip R. Ackery; Ian Kitching; George W Beccaloni; Luis M. Hernández (2023). HOSTS (from HOSTS - a Database of the World's Lepidopteran Hostplants) [Data set resource]. Natural History Museum. https://data.nhm.ac.uk/dataset/hosts/resource/877f387a-36a3-486c-a0c1-b8d5fb69f85a via Natural History Museum (2023). Data Portal query on 1 resources created at 2023-05-24 11:19:42.032183 PID https://doi.org/10.5519/qd.bsucrxdz\n\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n\nGandhi, K. J. K., & Herms, D. A. (2009). North American arthropods at risk due to widespread Fraxinus mortality caused by the Alien Emerald ash borer. Biological Invasions, 12(6), 1839–1846. doi:10.1007/s10530-009-9594-1.\n\n\n\n\n12\n\n\n\n\nMeyer R.S., et al., Beach environmental DNA fills gaps in photographic biomonitoring to track spatiotemporal community turnover across 82 phyla. Environmental DNA, submitted June 3, 2019.\n\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n\nConsortium of Small Vertebrate Collections\n\n\n\n\n10\n\n\n\n\nLee, Leshon; Tan, David J. X.; Oboňa, Jozef; Gustafsson, Daniel R.; Ang, Yuchen; Meier, Rudolf (2021). Phoresy Records Appendix.xlsx. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12671711.v1\n\n\n\n\n9\n\n\n\n\nC. Anela Choy, Steven H. D. Haddock, Bruce H. Robison. 2017. Deep pelagic food web structure as revealed by in situ feeding observations. Proc. R. Soc. B 2017 284 20172116; DOI:10.1098/rspb.2017.2116.\n\n\n\n\n8\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 7/6/2016. Arctos collection.\n\n\n\n\n6\n\n\n\n\nGeiselman, Cullen K. and Tuli I. Defex. 2015. Bat Eco-Interactions Database. www.batplant.org\n\n\n\n\n5\n\n\n\n\nNEON Biorepository Portal at Arizona State University (ASU)\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 4/20/2015. Species associations manually extracted from various papers and articles from site https://repository.si.edu\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 5/28/2015. Arnaud, Paul Henri. A Host-parasite Catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, 1978.\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 7/7/2016. Text gathered from Wirta, H.K., Vesterinen, E.J., Hambäck, P.A., Weingartner, E., Rasmussen, C., Reneerkens, J., Schmidt, N.M., Gilg, O. and Roslin, T., 2015. Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web. Ecology and evolution, 5(17), pp.3842-3856.\n\n\n\n\n4\n\n\n\n\nUniversity of California Santa Barbara Herbarium\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n\nGippet, J.M.W., Bates, O.K., Moulin, J. et al. The global risk of infectious disease emergence from giant land snail invasion and pet trade. Parasites Vectors 16, 363 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-06000-y\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n\nJorrit H. Poelen. 2017. Species interactions associated with known species interaction datasets.\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n\nMinisterio del Ambiente, Agua y Transición Ecológica de Ecuador - MAATE.\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 9/15/2016. Species associations extracted from http://parasiticplants.siu.edu/index.html.\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 9/3/2015. Species associations manually extracted from JSTOR.\n\n\n\n\n3\n\n\n\n\nSchriml, L. M., Arze, C., Nadendla, S., Ganapathy, A., Felix, V., Mahurkar, A., … Hall, N. (2009). GeMInA, Genomic Metadata for Infectious Agents, a geospatial surveillance pathogen database. Nucleic Acids Research, 38(Database), D754–D764. doi:10.1093/nar/gkp832\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nCarnegie Invertebrate Zoology Collection\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nF. Gabriel. Muñoz. 2017. Palm-Animal frugivore associations extracted from literature with Biodiversity Observations Miner for SouthEast Asia.\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nFerrer-Paris, José R.; Sánchez-Mercado, Ada Y.; Lozano, Cecilia; Zambrano, Liset; Soto, José; Baettig, Jessica; Leal, María (2014): A compilation of larval host-plant records for six families of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from available electronic resources. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1168861\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nInouye, David (2017). An Access database of records collated from the literature about flies pollinating or at least visiting flowers, updated 2017. https://doi.org/10.13016/M2SZ73 http://hdl.handle.net/1903/19193 hash://sha256/a9ab0a6173d34695c85f5fb8947e196478d1253d9d79b0662921ef4e36639c05\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nPaleo Digitization Working Group. Biological associations extracted from fossil specimens.\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nQuentin J. Groom. 2020. Bat interation data manually extracted from literature.\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nSarah E. Miller. 04/14/2015. Extracted from literature Scott, J.A. 1986.  The Butterflies of North America.  Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nStrona, G., Palomares, M. L. D., Bailly, N., Galli, P., & Lafferty, K. D. (2013). Host range, host ecology, and distribution of more than 11 800 fish parasite species. Ecology, 94(2), 544–544. doi:10.1890/12-1419.1\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nStrong, Justin S., and Shawn J. Leroux. 2014. "Impact of Non-Native Terrestrial Mammals on the Structure of the Terrestrial Mammal Food Web of Newfoundland, Canada." PLOS ONE 9 (8): e106264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106264\n\n\n\n\n2\n\n\n\n\nThessen AE. 2017. Biotic Interactions in Greenland. GloBI. 10.5281/zenodo.266824\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nBourlat SJ, Koch M, Kirse A, Langen K, Espeland M, Giebner H, Decher J, Ssymank A, Fonseca VG (2023) Metabarcoding dietary analysis in the insectivorous bat Nyctalus leisleri and implications for conservation. Biodiversity Data Journal 11: e111146. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.11.e111146\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nCamargo-Sanabria, A.A., Fernández, J.A., Hernández-Quiroz, N.S., Buitrago-Torres, D.L. and Álvarez-Córdova, F. (2025), Ecological Interactions of Terrestrial Mammals in the Chihuahuan Desert: A Systematic Map. Mam Rev e70001. https://doi.org/10.1111/mam.70001\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nDe Rojas M, Doña J, Dimov I (2020) A comprehensive survey of Rhinonyssid mites (Mesostigmata: Rhinonyssidae) in Northwest Russia: New mite-host associations and prevalence data. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49535. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49535\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nDeans, Andrew (2021). Catalog of Rose Gall, Herb Gall, and Inquiline Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada, and Mexico\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nGunther KA et al. 2014 Dietary breadth of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Ursus 25(1):60-72\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nHiveTracks WorldFAIR Test Data.\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 3/4/2015. Species associations manually extracted from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1474-919X.2009.00907.x/suppinfo.\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nSarah E Miller. 5/21/2015. Text gathered from http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nVanderweyen A, Fraiture A, Groom Q, Desmet P, Reyserhove L (2019). Catalogue of the Rust Fungi of Belgium. Botanic Garden Meise.\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nVanderweyen, A., & Fraiture, A. (2009). Catalogue des Uredinales de Belgique, 1re partie, Chaconiaceae, Coleosporiaceae, Cronartiaceae, Melampsoraceae, Phragmidiaceae, Pucciniastraceae, Raveneliaceae et Uropyxidaceae. Lejeunia, Revue de Botanique|Vanderweyen, A., & Fraiture, A. (2009). Catalogue des Uredinales de Belgique, 2ème partie, Pucciniaceae (sauf Puccinia)(suite 2). Lejeunia, Revue de Botanique.|Vanderweyen, A., & Fraiture, A. (2012). CATALOGUE DES UREDINALES DE Belgique 3ème partie Pucciniaceae (genre Puccinia). Lejeunia, Revue de Botanique.\n\n\n\n\n1\n\n\n\n\nZeke Marshall. 2021. Species interactions manually extracted from literature.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n \n\nReferences\n\nPoelen JH, Simons JD, Mungall CJ (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005\n\nSeltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037\n\nPoelen, JS & Seltmann, KS (2024) Bees Only Please: Bees Only Please: Selecting Hundreds of Thousands of Possible Bee Interactions Using a Laptop, Open Datasets, and Small (but Mighty) Commandline Tools. https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/2024/06/07/bees-only-please\n\nAscher, J. S. and J. Pickering (2020) Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species.\n\nAcknowledgements\n\nThis project is supported by the National Science Foundation. Award numbers: DBI:2102006, DBI:2101929, DBI:2101908, DBI:2101876, DBI:2101875, DBI:2101851, DBI:2101345, DBI:2101913, DBI:2101891 and DBI:2101850 "],"Other":["Please cite the resources, natural history collections and publications where the data originated as found in uniq_citations.tsv file above. Also, please cite Poelen et. al (above in References) to cite Global Biotic Interactions."]} 

Habitat loss is a primary driver of global biodiversity decline, negatively impacting many species, including native bees. One approach to counteract the consequences of habitat loss is through restoration, which includes the transformation of degraded or damaged habitats to increase biodiversity. In this review, we survey bee habitat restoration literature over the last 14 years to provide insights into how best to promote bee diversity and abundance through the restoration of natural landscapes in North America. We highlight relevant questions and concepts to consider throughout the various stages of habitat restoration projects, categorizing them into pre-, during-, and post-restoration stages. We emphasize the importance of planning species- and site-specific strategies to support bees, including providing floral and non-floral resources and increasing nest site availability. Lastly, we underscore the significance of conducting evaluations and long-term monitoring following restoration efforts. By identifying effective restoration methods, success indicators, and areas for future research, our review presents a comprehensive framework that can guide land managers during this urgent time for bee habitat restoration. 

Last modified: July 3, 2024 IntroductionThis dataset comprises all bee interactions indexed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI; Poelen et al. 2014). It is published quarterly by the Big Bee Project (Seltmann et al. 2021) to summarize all available knowledge about bee interactions from natural history collections, community science observations (i.e., iNaturalist), and the literature. Interactions include flower visitation, parasitic interactions (mite, viral), lecty, and many others. Data DescriptionPlease see the [integration process page](https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/process) to better understand how Global Biotic Interactions combines datasets from various sources. The complete interaction dataset for all species can be accessed via https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/data. Data is filtered for unique records based on the interaction description and source citation. Archives contain full data records and unique filtered records in tab-delimited format. Dataset column name definitions https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interactionFields or https://api.globalbioticinteractions.org/interactionFields Duplicate records occur in the database because more than one provider shares information. This is most frequently occuring in museum specimen data and duplicates can be identified evaluating the institutionCode, collectionCode and catalogNumber fields. The file catalogNumber_counts.tsv groups records by these three fields for this dataset, but does not filter out duplicate records. Additionally, this dataset includes the citation information provided by the data publisher. The provided sourceCitation may not include information about the primary provider (often the natural history collection) the specimen data originates and the catalogNumber should be referenced to understand the original source of the data. Summary statistics about the dataset can be found in the bees-only-review.pdf file. This review of all bee data indexed by Global Biotic Interactions was created using GloBI’s Interaction Data Review Report Framework via repository https://github.com/Big-Bee-Network/select-bee-interactions.sh. Metrics Date Total bee records 07-17-2020 232,906 01-24-2021 257,738 11-17-2021 226,160 06-01-2022 286,818 11-07-2022 429,308 01-18-2024 842,819 07-03-2024 1,109,057   Date Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae 07-17-2020 73,463 106,222 20,821 58,880 01-24-2021 77,824 120,919 21,376 63,945 11-17-2021 25,535 134,517 10,568 43,070 06-01-2022 78,016 144,827 20,409 64,054 11-07-2022 84,172 171,378 30,792 79,155 01-18-2024 166,473 334,224 63,847 171,931 07-03-2024 289,400 371,953 83,337 190,562   Date Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae 07-17-2020 44,449 2,511 23 01-24-2021 48,856 2,624 18 11-17-2021 37,001 995 9 06-01-2022 54,516 2,994 18 11-07-2022 61,391 2,396 24 01-18-2024 100,814 5,088 442 07-03-2024 162,587 4,964 438   Included Resources count sourceCitation 219440 Symbiota Collections of Arthropods Network (SCAN) 156437 University of Kansas Natural History Museum 150780 Digital Bee Collections Network, 2014 (and updates). Version: 2015-03-18. National Science Foundation grant DBI#0956388 134657 USGS Biodiversity Information Serving Our Nation (BISON) IPT 126820 http://iNaturalist.org is a place where you can record what you see in nature, meet other nature lovers, and learn about the natural world. 44522 PaDIL Bee records from the Pests and Diseases Image Library, http://www.padil.gov.au. 38658 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Insect Division. Full Database Export 2020-11-20 provided by Erika Tucker and Barry Oconner. 27711 Carril OM, Griswold T, Haefner J, Wilson JS. (2018) Wild bees of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument: richness, abundance, and spatio-temporal beta-diversity. PeerJ 6:e5867 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5867 15506 Seltmann, K., Van Wagner, J., Behm, R., Brown, Z., Tan, E., & Liu, K. (2020). BID: A project to share biotic interaction and ecological trait data about bees (Hymenoptera: Anthophila). UC Santa Barbara: Cheadle Center for Biodiversity and Ecological Restoration. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1g21k7bf 14666 Web of Life. http://www.web-of-life.es . 14577 Pensoft Darwin Core Archives available via Integrated Publication Toolkit 13447 University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection 13296 https://mangal.io - the ecological interaction database. 10705 National Database Plant Pollinators. Center for Plant Conservation at San Diego Zoo Global. Accessed via https://saveplants.org/national-collection/pollinator-search/ on 2020-06-05. 8529 Ollerton, J., Trunschke, J. ., Havens, K. ., Landaverde-González, P. ., Keller, A. ., Gilpin, A.-M. ., Rodrigo Rech, A. ., Baronio, G. J. ., Phillips, B. J., Mackin, C. ., Stanley, D. A., Treanore, E. ., Baker, E. ., Rotheray, E. L., Erickson, E. ., Fornoff, F. ., Brearley, F. Q. ., Ballantyne, G. ., Iossa, G. ., Stone, G. N., Bartomeus, I. ., Stockan, J. A., Leguizamón, J., Prendergast, K. ., Rowley, L., Giovanetti, M., de Oliveira Bueno, R., Wesselingh, R. A., Mallinger, R., Edmondson, S., Howard, S. R., Leonhardt, S. D., Rojas-Nossa, S. V., Brett, M., Joaqui, T., Antoniazzi, R., Burton, V. J., Feng, H.-H., Tian, Z.-X., Xu, Q., Zhang, C., Shi, C.-L., Huang, S.-Q., Cole, L. J., Bendifallah, L., Ellis, E. E., Hegland, S. J., Straffon Díaz, S., Lander, T. A. ., Mayr, A. V., Dawson, R. ., Eeraerts, M. ., Armbruster, W. S. ., Walton, B. ., Adjlane, N. ., Falk, S. ., Mata, L. ., Goncalves Geiger, A. ., Carvell, C. ., Wallace, C. ., Ratto, F. ., Barberis, M. ., Kahane, F. ., Connop, S. ., Stip, A. ., Sigrist, M. R. ., Vereecken, N. J. ., Klein, A.-M., Baldock, K. ., & Arnold, S. E. J. . (2022). Pollinator-flower interactions in gardens during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown of 2020. Journal of Pollination Ecology, 31, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.26786/1920-7603(2022)695 8014 Redhead, J.W.; Coombes, C.F.; Dean, H.J.; Dyer, R.; Oliver, T.H.; Pocock, M.J.O.; Rorke, S.L.; Vanbergen, A.J.; Woodcock, B.A.; Pywell, R.F. (2018). Plant-pollinator interactions database for construction of potential networks. NERC Environmental Information Data Centre. https://doi.org/10.5285/6d8d5cb5-bd54-4da7-903a-15bd4bbd531b 7630 CaraDonna, P.J. 2020. Temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, CO, USA, 2013 - 2015 ver 1. Environmental Data Initiative. https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/27dc02fe1655e3896f20326fed5cb95f (Accessed 2021-04-16). 6921 Purdue Entomological Research Collection 6911 Arizona State University Hasbrouck Insect Collection 6430 LaManna, JA, Burkle, LA, Belote, RT, Myers, JA. Biotic and abiotic drivers of plant–pollinator community assembly across wildfire gradients. J Ecol. 2020; 00: 1– 14. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.13530 . 6288 Pensoft Darwin Core Archives with associateTaxa columns 6269 Eardley C, Coetzer W. 2016. Catalogue of Afrotropical Bees. 6114 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Division of Insects 5089 Magrach, Ainhoa et al. (2017), Data from: Plant-pollinator networks in semi-natural grasslands are resistant to the loss of pollinators during blooming of mass-flowering crops, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.k0q1n 3860 Giselle Muschett & Francisco E. Fontúrbel. 2021. A comprehensive catalogue of plant – pollinator interactions for Chile 3720 Frost Entomological Museum, Pennsylvania State University 3670 Natural History Collections managed by Arctos (https://arctosdb.org) accessed via https://vertnet.org . 3620 Sarah E Miller. 6/19/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html. 3581 Robert L. Minckley San Bernardino Valley from the year 2000 to 2011. 3581 University of New Hampshire Collection of Insects and other Arthropods UNHC-UNHC 3581 University of New Hampshire Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection 2242 Sarah E. Miller. 07/06/2017. Information extracted from dataset https://www.idigbio.org/portal/recordsets/db4bb0df-8539-4617-ab5f-eb118aa3126b. 2223 Bartomeus, Ignasi (2013): Plant-Pollinator Network Data. figshare. Dataset. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.154863.v1 2110 Illinois Natural History Survey Insect Collection 2074 Florida State Collection of Arthropods 2035 Ed Baker; Ian J. Kitching; George W. Beccaloni; Amoret Whitaker et al. (2016). Dataset: NHM Interactions Bank. Natural History Museum Data Portal (data.nhm.ac.uk). https://doi.org/10.5519/0060767 1762 Poelen, Jorrit H. (2023). A biodiversity dataset graph: Biological Associations in TaxonWorks hash://sha256/a4d651aac5220487835e6178511886e98b845b2d98cb7c5447fb2b042e0654d2 hash://md5/849edbe55e31e54ea5cdaba0188c5655 (0.2) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8253729 1681 Harvard University M, Morris P J (2021). Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. 1563 Ballantyne, Gavin; Baldock, Katherine C. R.; Willmer, Pat G. (2015), Data from: Constructing more informative plant-pollinator networks: visitation and pollen deposition networks in a heathland plant community, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.17pp3 1365 Sarah E Miller. 5/30/2016. Interations from various papers. 1281 Sarah E Miller. 4/18/2016. Species associations from Wardeh, M. et al. Database of host-pathogen and related species interactions, and their global distribution. Sci. Data 2:150049 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2015.49 (2015) 1102 University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection 1086 Cohen JM, Sauer EL, Santiago O, Spencer S, Rohr JR. 2020. Divergent impacts of warming weather on wildlife disease risk across climates. Science. doi:10.1126/science.abb1702 939 Allen Hurlbert. 2017. Avian Diet Database. 918 Texas A&M University Insect Collection 906 Del Risco, A.A., Montoya, Á.M., García, V. et al. Data synthesis and dynamic visualization converge into a comprehensive biotic interaction network: a case study of the urban and rural areas of Bogotá D.C.. Urban Ecosyst (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-021-01133-3 872 Cristina Preda and Quentin Groom. 2014. Species associations manually extracted from literature. 754 United States Geological Survey (USGS) Pollinator Library. https://www.npwrc.usgs.gov/pollinator. 752 Sarah E Miller. 6/22/2015. Species associations manually extracted from datasets https://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb/resources.html. 750 RCPol: Online Pollen Catalogs Network. 2016. https://rcpol.org.br/ 744 Classen, Alice; Steffan-Dewenter, Ingolf (2020): Plant-pollinator interactions along an elevational gradient on Mt. Kilimanjaro. PANGAEA, https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911390 704 Yale University Peabody Museum Collections Data Portal 677 The Albert J. Cook Arthropod Research Collection 541 Udy, Kristy; Reininghaus, Hannah; Scherber, Christoph; Tscharntke, Teja (2020), Data from: Plant-pollinator interactions along an urbanization gradient from cities and villages to farmland landscapes, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.4mw6m906s 524 Pardee, G.L., Ballare, K.M., Neff, J.L., Do, L.Q., Ojeda, D., Bienenstock, E.J., Brosi, B.J., Grubesic, T.H., Miller, J.A., Tong, D. and Jha, S., 2023. Local and Landscape Factors Influence Plant-Pollinator Networks and Bee Foraging Behavior across an Urban Corridor. Land, 12(2), p.362. https://www.mdpi.com/2073-445X/12/2/362 511 Sarah E Miller. 6/25/2015. Species associations manually extracted from Robertson, C. 1929. Flowers and insects: lists of visitors to four hundred and fifty-three flowers. Carlinville, IL, USA, C. Robertson. 511 The International Barcode of Life Consortium (2016). International Barcode of Life project (iBOL). Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/inygc6 454 Seltzer, Carrie; Wysocki, William; Palacios, Melissa; Eickhoff, Anna; Pilla, Hannah; Aungst, Jordan; Mercer, Aaron; Quicho, Jamie; Voss, Neil; Xu, Man; J. Ndangalasi, Henry; C. Lovett, Jon; J. Cordeiro, Norbert (2015): Plant-animal interactions from Africa. figshare. https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1526128 342 Mycology Collections Data Portal (MyCoPortal). 2020. https://mycoportal.org 292 Global Web Database (http://globalwebdb.com): an online collection of food webs. Accessed via https://www.globalwebdb.com/Service/DownloadArchive on 2017-10-12. 268 University of Wisconsin Stevens Point, Stephen J. Taft Parasitological Collection 241 University of Hawaii Insect Museum 168 Sarah E Miller. 12/13/2016. Species associations manually extracted from Onstad, D.W. EDWIP: Ecological Database of the World's Insect Pathogens. Champaign, Illinois: Illinois Natural History Survey, [23/11/2016]. http://insectweb.inhs.uiuc.edu/Pathogens/EDWIP. 153 California Academy of Sciences Entomology and Entomology Type Collection 127 Olito, Colin; Fox, Jeremy W. (2015), Data from: Species traits and abundances predict metrics of plant–pollinator network structure, but not pairwise interactions, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.7st32 114 Kari Lintulaakso. 2023. MammalBase Diet Database. 106 Brose, U. (2018). GlobAL daTabasE of traits and food Web Architecture (GATEWAy) version 1.0 [Data set]. German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. https://doi.org/10.25829/IDIV.283-3-756 104 Groom, Q.J., Maarten De Groot, M. & Marčiulynienė, D. (2020) Species interation data manually extracted from literature for species . 96 Eneida L. Hatcher, Sergey A. Zhdanov, Yiming Bao, Olga Blinkova, Eric P. Nawrocki, Yuri Ostapchuck, Alejandro A. Schäffer, J. Rodney Brister, Virus Variation Resource – improved response to emergent viral outbreaks, Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 45, Issue D1, January 2017, Pages D482–D490, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkw1065 . 93 Jakovos Demetriou and Quentin Groom 2014. Species associations of Sceliphron manually extracted from literature. 92 San Diego Natural History Museum 80 Price Institute of Parasite Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah 59 National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution IPT RSS Feed 56 Poelen, JH (2016). Plant pathogen-host interactions scraped from Common Names of Plant Diseases published by the American Phytopathological Society at http://www.apsnet.org/publications/commonnames/Pages/default.aspx using Samara, a Planteome (http://planteome.org) plant-trait scraper. 50 Florez-Montero, G.L., Muylaert, R.L., Nogueira, M.R., Geiselman, C., Santana, S.E., Stevens, R.D., Tschapka, M., Rodrigues, F.A. and Mello, M.A.R. (2022), NeoBat Interactions: A data set of bat–plant interactions in the Neotropics. Ecology. Accepted Author Manuscript e3640. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3640 50 Ferrer-Paris, José R.; Sánchez-Mercado, Ada Y.; Lozano, Cecilia; Zambrano, Liset; Soto, José; Baettig, Jessica; Leal, María (2014): A compilation of larval host-plant records for six families of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) from available electronic resources. figshare. http://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.1168861 39 Pocock, Michael J. O.; Evans, Darren M.; Memmott, Jane (2012), Data from: The robustness and restoration of a network of ecological networks, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3s36r118 37 Sarah E Miller. 9/19/2016. Species associations extracted from Graystock, P., Blane, E.J., McFrederick, Q.S., Goulson, D. and Hughes, W.O., 2016. Do managed bees drive parasite spread and emergence in wild bees?. International Journal for Parasitology: Parasites and Wildlife, 5(1), pp.64-75. 36 Mihara, T., Nishimura, Y., Shimizu, Y., Nishiyama, H., Yoshikawa, G., Uehara, H., Hingamp, P., Goto, S., and Ogata, H.; Linking virus genomes with host taxonomy. Viruses 8, 66 doi:10.3390/v8030066 (2016). 36 Quentin J. Groom. 2020. Species interactions of species on the List of invasive alien species of Union concern 33 IPBES. (2016). The assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination and food production. 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Also available from http://bioinfo.org.uk. 12 Sarah E Miller. 5/28/2015. Arnaud, Paul Henri. A Host-parasite Catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Science and Education Administration, 1978. 10 University of California Santa Barbara Herbarium 9 Field Museum of Natural History IPT 8 Brose, U. et al., 2005. Body sizes of consumers and their resources. Ecology, 86(9), pp.2545–2545. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/05-0379. 8 Strong, Justin S., and Shawn J. Leroux. 2014. "Impact of Non-Native Terrestrial Mammals on the Structure of the Terrestrial Mammal Food Web of Newfoundland, Canada." PLOS ONE 9 (8): e106264. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106264 7 Chen L, Liu B, Wu Z, Jin Q, Yang J, 2017. DRodVir: A resource for exploring the virome diversity in rodents. J Genet Genomics. 44(5):259-264. 5 Froese, R. and D. Pauly. Editors. 2018. FishBase. World Wide Web electronic publication. www.fishbase.org, version (10/2018). 5 Pinnegar, J.K. (2014). DAPSTOM - An Integrated Database & Portal for Fish Stomach Records. Version 4.7. Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK. February 2014, 39pp. 4 Aja Sherman, Cullen Geiselman. 2021. Bat Co-Roosting Database 4 Bernice Pauahi Bishop Museum, J. Linsley Gressitt Center for Research in Entomology 4 Mollentze, Nardus, & Streicker, Daniel G. (2019). Viral zoonotic risk is homogenous among taxonomic orders of mammalian and avian reservoir hosts (Version 1.0.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3516613 4 Sarah E Miller. 7/7/2016. Text gathered from Wirta, H.K., Vesterinen, E.J., Hambäck, P.A., Weingartner, E., Rasmussen, C., Reneerkens, J., Schmidt, N.M., Gilg, O. and Roslin, T., 2015. Exposing the structure of an Arctic food web. Ecology and evolution, 5(17), pp.3842-3856. 4 Sarah E Miller. 9/15/2016. Species associations extracted from http://parasiticplants.siu.edu/index.html. 4 Sarah E. Miller. 04/14/2015. Extracted from literature Scott, J.A. 1986.  The Butterflies of North America.  Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA 4 Scott L. Gardner and Gabor R. Racz (2021). University of Nebraska State Museum - Parasitology. Harold W. Manter Laboratory of Parasitology. University of Nebraska State Museum. 2 Deans, Andrew (2021). Catalog of Rose Gall, Herb Gall, and Inquiline Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada, and Mexico 2 Jorrit H. Poelen. 2017. Species interactions associated with known species interaction datasets. 2 Museum for Southwestern Biology (MSB) Parasite Collection 2 Sarah E Miller. 4/20/2015. Species associations manually extracted from various papers and articles from site https://repository.si.edu 2 Seltmann, Katja C. 2020. Biotic species interactions about ticks manually extracted from literature. 2 Species Interactions of Australia Database (SIAD): Helping us to understand species interactions in Australia and beyond. http://www.discoverlife.org/siad/ . 1 Chen L, Liu B, Yang J, Jin Q, 2014. DBatVir: the database of bat-associated viruses. Database (Oxford). 2014:bau021. doi:10.1093/database/bau021 1 Grundler MC (2020) SquamataBase: a natural history database and R package for comparative biology of snake feeding habits. Biodiversity Data Journal 8: e49943. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.8.e49943 1 Gunther KA et al. 2014 Dietary breadth of grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Ursus 25(1):60-72 1 Sarah E Miller. 7/6/2016. Arctos collection. Included files bee_data_BID.sh - script for separating bee records into family uniq_citations.tsv - list of unique citations indicating bee interactions Andrenidae_data_unique.tsv - Andrenidae records     Apidae_data_unique.tsv - Apidae records         Colletidae_data_unique.tsv - Colletidae records Halictidae_data_unique.tsv - Halictidae records     Megachilidae_data_unique.tsv - Megachilidae records     Melittidae_data_unique.tsv - Melittidae records Stenotritidae_data_unique.tsv - Stenotritidae records bees-only-interactions.tsv.zip - list of all bee interaction data indexed on Global Biotic Interactions from GloBI version 2024-06-07 produced by https://github.com/Big-Bee-Network/select-bee-interactions.sh bees-only-review.pdf - Review of all bee data indexed by Global Biotic Interactions using GloBI’s Interaction Data Review Report Framework via repository https://github.com/Big-Bee-Network/select-bee-interactions.sh catalogNumber_counts.tsv - counts by catalogNumber in dataset. Duplicate catalog numbers indicate duplicated data shared by multiple data providers. ReferencesGloBI Community. (2024). Global Biotic Interactions: Interpreted Data Products hash://md5/946f7666667d60657dc89d9af8ffb909 hash://sha256/4e83d2daee05a4fa91819d58259ee58ffc5a29ec37aa7e84fd5ffbb2f92aa5b8 (0.7) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11552565. Poelen JH, Simons JD, Mungall CJ (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005 Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037 Poelen, JS & Seltmann, KS (2024) Bees Only Please: Bees Only Please: Selecting Hundreds of Thousands of Possible Bee Interactions Using a Laptop, Open Datasets, and Small (but Mighty) Commandline Tools. https://www.globalbioticinteractions.org/2024/06/07/bees-only-please Ascher, J. S. and J. Pickering (2020) Discover Life bee species guide and world checklist (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila). http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?guide=Apoidea_species. Acknowledgements This project is supported by the National Science Foundation. Award numbers: DBI:2102006, DBI:2101929, DBI:2101908, DBI:2101876, DBI:2101875, DBI:2101851, DBI:2101345, DBI:2101913, DBI:2101891 and DBI:2101850 

Conservation and management of wild bees is hindered by the variety of ways wild bee occurrence data are recorded, managed, and shared. Here, we present solutions to address this issue and introduce The Wild Bee Data Standard, a standardized means of recording and reporting data associated with wild bee occurrences, including physical specimens and photo observations. This standard aligns with contemporary data management practices widely adopted by the broader biodiversity data community. We propose a set of terms for the standard that describe various features of bee occurrences, including collection method and location, taxonomic verification, and final record storage. We emphasize the importance of providing sampling protocol and effort information with wild bee occurrence data and offer guidance to make this a more common practice. We describe how to translate data not currently aligned with the standard to meet its conditions, and how to upload those data to an accessible online repository. We provide case studies, data entry templates, a glossary of terms, and additional resources to guide new users to implementing the standard. We also present a forum, established as a GitHub repository, to support continued development of the standard. Recognizing the significant change this represents for current data practices, we outline the benefits for the bee research and conservation community that will result from improved data standards. We advocate for making all historical, current, and future bee occurrence data openly available to facilitate more rigorous and comprehensive research, conservation, and management of wild bees. This contribution is part of a series developed in association with the U.S. National Native Bee Monitoring Network to standardize bee monitoring practices. 

ABSTRACT AimAll bees depend on angiosperms for survival, while many angiosperms depend on bees for reproduction. However, bee and flowering plant species richness do not peak in the same geographical regions of the world, suggesting that the flora in regions where bees are not as diverse, such as the tropics, may be relatively less bee‐dependent. We test this assumption by analysing whether local relative bee diversity can predict the proportion of angiosperm species that attract bees (i.e., “bee flowers”). LocationThe Americas. Time PeriodPresent. Major Taxa StudiedBees and angiosperms. MethodsWe map the proportion of bees to angiosperm species using recently available datasets of geographic distribution for both taxa. We then combine data from surveys on pollination systems for 56 floristic communities to estimate the proportion of angiosperm species with bee flowers in different regions. Finally, we test whether the proportion of bee flowers in a community can be predicted by a combination of relative bee species richness and abiotic environmental variables. ResultsBroad distribution maps show that the relative richness of bees in relation to angiosperms decreases in tropical areas; however, there is no evidence that tropical floristic communities are less dependent on bees. Interestingly, the proportion of angiosperm species with bee flowers was almost always found to be around 50% across biomes, with some variation depending on the habitat type and method of data collection. Main ConclusionsOur results suggest that plant communities can be highly bee‐dependent even where bees are relatively less diverse. While lower species richness does not mean lower abundance, and fewer bee species of specific life histories can still provide adequate pollination supply for a large number of angiosperm species, this pattern may impact how bee flowers interact with bees in different areas, and consequently how bees and bee flower specialisations have evolved over time. 

Abstract Climatic stressors are important drivers in the evolution of social behavior. Social animals tend to thrive in harsh and unpredictable environments, yet the precise benefits driving these patterns are often unclear. Here, we explore water conservation in forced associations of a solitary bee (Melissodes tepidus timberlakei Cockerell, 1926) to test the hypothesis that grouping can generate synergistic physiological benefits in an incipient social context. Paired bees displayed mutual tolerance and experienced reduced water loss relative to singleton bees when exposed to acute low-humidity stress, with no change in activity levels. While the mechanism underlying these benefits remains unknown, social advantages like these can facilitate the evolution of cooperation among nonrelatives and offer important insights into the social consequences of climate change. 

Abstract Insects are declining in abundance and species richness, globally. This has broad implications for the ecology of our planet, many of which we are only beginning to understand. Comprehensive, large-scale efforts are urgently needed to quantify and mitigate insect biodiversity loss. Because there is broad interest in this topic from a range of scientists, policymakers, and the general public, we posit that such endeavors will be most effective with precise and standardized terms. The Entomological Society of America is the world’s largest association of professional entomologists and is ideally positioned to lead the way on this front. We provide here a glossary of definitions for biodiversity loss terminology. This can be used to enhance and clarify communication among entomologists and others with an interest in addressing the multiple overlapping research, policy, and outreach challenges surrounding this urgent issue. 

{"Abstract":["Extending Anthophila research through image and trait digitization (Big-Bee) indexed biotic interactions and review summary. Declining populations of bees impact plant-pollinator interactions in both natural and agricultural systems. While bees and other insects pollinate most wild plants and are critical to sustaining a large proportion of global food production, they are decreasing in both numbers and diversity. Our understanding of the factors driving these declines is limited because we lack sufficient data on the distribution of bee species, and on the behavioral and anatomical traits that may make them either vulnerable or resilient to human-induced environmental changes, such as habitat loss and climate change. Fortunately, wild bees have been collected by researchers and deposited in natural history collections for over 100 years, retaining a wealth of associated attributes that can be extracted from specimen images. This project will digitally capture data and images from these historic specimens, develop tools to measure bee traits from these images and generate a comprehensive bee trait and image dataset to measure changes through time. This will increase our understanding of specific traits that put bee species at risk of decline - a critical need for both sustaining our agricultural economy and the conservation of our natural resources. In addition, the large image datasets created by this project can be used for new artificial intelligence identification tools that will help improve our future pollinator observation and monitoring efforts. The Big-Bee project began in 2021 and is funded by the National Science Foundation to mobilize data about worldwide bee species to data aggregators (e.g., iDigBio, GBIF). The Big-Bee Thematic Collection Network (Big-Bee) will create over one million high-resolution 2D and 3D images of bee specimens, representing over 5,000 worldwide bee species, including all of the major pollinating species of the United States. The Big-Bee network includes 13 institutions and partnerships with US government agencies. Novel mechanisms for sharing image datasets will be developed and datasets of bee traits will be available through an open data portal, the Bee Library, for research and education. The Big-Bee project will engage the general public in research through community science via crowdsourcing trait measurements and data transcription from images. In addition, training and professional development for natural history collection staff, researchers, and university students in data science will be provided through the creation and implementation of workshops focusing on bee traits and species identification. All data resulting from this award will be shared with and publicly available through the national digitized biocollections resource, iDigBio.org. This is the first archive of Big-Bee data indexed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI). GloBI provides open access to finding species interaction data (e.g., predator-prey, pollinator-plant, pathogen-host, parasite-host) by combining existing open datasets using open-source software. This version of the Big Bee dataset includes interactions that are not just bees. Also in this version, the datasets included in this publication are specifically those institutions in the Big Bee project network and do not represent all bee interaction data found at Global Biotic Interactions. Bee Library Information - Statistics about Big Bee data providers The specimens indexed by GloBI are also found in the Bee Library. To date, the number of specimens and images in the library are listed below. The Bee Library taxonomic backbone is not yet complete, so information regarding the number of species is not yet available. Further summary statistics are available in the Big Bee Metrics from the Bee Library and GloBI - July 27 2022.pdf file. From Bee Library (partner indexed records) 1,218,256 occurrence records 992,776 (81%) georeferenced 350,105 (29%) occurrences imaged 1,004,491 (82%) identified to species 9 families 523 genera 10,808 species 11,492 total taxa (including subsp. and var.) Statistics per Collection (partner collections) Collection Occurrences Georeferenced Imaged Interactions Indexed in GloBI (all) Interactions Indexed in GloBI (bees) ASU Hasbrouck Insect Collection - Bee Records 13219 13217 2047 19774 3834 Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research 561820 547461 0 0 0 California Academy of Sciences 873 286 3 16957 117 California Academy of Sciences - Type Collection 1838 59 83 0 0 Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California Berkeley 58548 55022 0 0 0 Florida State Collection of Arthropods 12290 12246 8979 0 0 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 22020 21099 11595 6476 1535 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 16442 7420 3372 0 0 San Diego Natural History Museum Entomology Department 4065 1690 1980 8678 90 University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection 8678 8416 2646 1940 659 University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collection 18043 18043 0 9589 4723 University of Kansas Natural History Museum Entomology Division 464896 275180 304405 119947 112674 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Division of Insects 17738 15143 14995 53602 4120 University of New Hampshire, Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection 17685 17393 0 3137 3137 USGS Native Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab 101 101 0 0 0 Generated on: GloBI Data Review Report - Datasets in Review from Global Biotic Interactions GloBI Data Review Report Datasets under review: - University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Division of Insects accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ummz-ummzi/archive/d9282e51f29f3157af2e5869a09ea8a111ddea34.zip on 2023-04-25T19:48:17.288Z - Arizona State University Hasbrouck Insect Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/asu-asuhic/archive/4ed77cb9ca8e526269d4678692e2844c950022f8.zip on 2023-04-25T19:49:18.649Z - California Academy of Sciences Entomology and Entomology Type Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/cas-ent/archive/47d385b73a63aa379cd5e6d3615005ba78b0ffc1.zip on 2023-04-25T19:50:01.820Z - University of California Berkeley, Essig Museum of Entomology accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/emec/archive/93b17a3db566baa001ce9190e6fbdb60fa99dda4.zip on 2023-04-25T19:50:38.682Z - Florida State Collection of Arthropods accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/fsca/archive/682f11686317ae81959a043bd6b493ddfc06c438.zip on 2023-04-25T19:51:09.435Z - University of Kansas Natural History Museum accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc/archive/a9c7cb81050eef68b4428667206a219da458f517.zip on 2023-04-25T19:51:51.861Z - Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/lacm-lacmec/archive/dafbf532c53fbadba126c81186c26d52677aa781.zip on 2023-04-25T19:53:50.488Z - Harvard University M, Morris P J (2021). Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/mcz/archive/b33635a9fc75fd7931ad968cbc11180e6467bfd7.zip on 2023-04-25T20:05:19.619Z - San Diego Natural History Museum accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/sdnhm-sdmc/archive/7238d8b804f543250eb487b43144e1125fb3688a.zip on 2023-04-25T20:11:18.816Z - University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ucm-ucmc/archive/60530dcc82d33c9675a4026ad60dc40bea8f2a91.zip on 2023-04-25T20:11:45.143Z - University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ucsb-izc/archive/66a4e39589d1dfa299d07985546c4be522ff60d8.zip on 2023-04-25T20:12:06.236Z - University of New Hampshire Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/unhc-unhc/archive/d7668a6bb4545dc4da0645ecc383169ba547b0f5.zip on 2023-04-25T20:12:21.404Z Generated on: 2023-04-25 by: GloBI's Elton 0.12.6 (see https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/elton). Note that all files ending with .tsv are files formatted as UTF8 encoded tab-separated values files. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/tab-separated-values indexed_interactions_bees.tsv: All indexed bee interactions datasets.zip: All datasets reviewed for this publication Big Bee Metrics from the Bee Library and GloBI - Apr 25, 2023.pdf: Summary statistics from the Bee Library and GloBI about data partners If you have questions or comments about this publication, please open an issue at https://github.com/Big-Bee-Network/issues-observations-and-questions/discussions or contact the authors by email. Funding: The creation of this archive was made possible by the National Science Foundation award Collaborative Research: Digitization TCN: Extending Anthophila research through image and trait digitization (Big-Bee). Award numbers: DBI:2102006, DBI:2101929, DBI:2101908, DBI:2101876, DBI:2101875, DBI:2101851, DBI:2101345, DBI:2101913, DBI:2101891 and DBI:2101850. References: Poelen JH, Simons JD and Mungall CH. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005. Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037 Jorrit Poelen, Tobias Kuhn, & Katrin Leinweber. (2022). globalbioticinteractions/elton: 0.12.5 (0.12.5). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7267926"],"Other":["{"references": ["Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037", "Poelen JH, Simons JD and Mungall CH. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005.", "Jorrit Poelen, Tobias Kuhn, & Katrin Leinweber. (2022). globalbioticinteractions/elton: (0.12.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6385185"]}"]} 

{"Abstract":["Extending Anthophila research through image and trait digitization (Big-Bee) indexed biotic interactions and review summary. Declining populations of bees impact plant-pollinator interactions in both natural and agricultural systems. While bees and other insects pollinate most wild plants and are critical to sustaining a large proportion of global food production, they are decreasing in both numbers and diversity. Our understanding of the factors driving these declines is limited because we lack sufficient data on the distribution of bee species, and on the behavioral and anatomical traits that may make them either vulnerable or resilient to human-induced environmental changes, such as habitat loss and climate change. Fortunately, wild bees have been collected by researchers and deposited in natural history collections for over 100 years, retaining a wealth of associated attributes that can be extracted from specimen images. This project will digitally capture data and images from these historic specimens, develop tools to measure bee traits from these images and generate a comprehensive bee trait and image dataset to measure changes through time. This will increase our understanding of specific traits that put bee species at risk of decline - a critical need for both sustaining our agricultural economy and the conservation of our natural resources. In addition, the large image datasets created by this project can be used for new artificial intelligence identification tools that will help improve our future pollinator observation and monitoring efforts. The Big-Bee project began in 2021 and is funded by the National Science Foundation to mobilize data about worldwide bee species to data aggregators (e.g., iDigBio, GBIF). The Big-Bee Thematic Collection Network (Big-Bee) will create over one million high-resolution 2D and 3D images of bee specimens, representing over 5,000 worldwide bee species, including all of the major pollinating species of the United States. The Big-Bee network includes 13 institutions and partnerships with US government agencies. Novel mechanisms for sharing image datasets will be developed and datasets of bee traits will be available through an open data portal, the Bee Library, for research and education. The Big-Bee project will engage the general public in research through community science via crowdsourcing trait measurements and data transcription from images. In addition, training and professional development for natural history collection staff, researchers, and university students in data science will be provided through the creation and implementation of workshops focusing on bee traits and species identification. All data resulting from this award will be shared with and publicly available through the national digitized biocollections resource, iDigBio.org. This is the first archive of Big-Bee data indexed by Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI). GloBI provides open access to finding species interaction data (e.g., predator-prey, pollinator-plant, pathogen-host, parasite-host) by combining existing open datasets using open-source software. This version of the Big Bee dataset includes interactions that are not just bees. Also in this version, the datasets included in this publication are specifically those institutions in the Big Bee project network and do not represent all bee interaction data found at Global Biotic Interactions. Bee Library Information - Statistics about Big Bee data providers The specimens indexed by GloBI are also found in the Bee Library. To date, the number of specimens and images in the library are listed below. The Bee Library taxonomic backbone is not yet complete, so information regarding the number of species is not yet available. Further summary statistics are available in the Big Bee Metrics from the Bee Library and GloBI - July 24, 2023.pdf file. From Bee Library (partner indexed records) 1,234,107 occurrence records 993,692 (81%) georeferenced 351,592 (28%) occurrences imaged 986,323 (80%) identified to species 9 families 526 genera 10,700 species 11,386 total taxa (including subsp. and var.) Statistics Per Collection Collection Occurrences Georeferenced Imaged Interactions Indexed in GloBI (all) Interactions Indexed in GloBI (bees) ASU Hasbrouck Insect Collection - Bee Records 13223 13221 2352 21300 3834 Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory, USDA-ARS Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research 561820 547461 0 0 0 California Academy of Sciences 884 300 3 16984 117 California Academy of Sciences - Type Collection 1838 59 83 0 0 Essig Museum of Entomology, University of California Berkeley 58551 55028 0 0 Florida State Collection of Arthropods 17134 12349 7816 559 Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University 22020 21099 11595 6777 1535 Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County 24685 7421 3480 0 0 San Diego Natural History Museum Entomology Department 4065 1690 1982 8688 90 University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection 8674 8410 2751 1940 660 University of Colorado Museum of Natural History, Entomology Collection 18043 18043 0 9589 4723 University of Kansas Natural History Museum Entomology Division 464927 275200 304415 119963 112677 University of Michigan Museum of Zoology Division of Insects 17764 15305 15269 53755 4134 University of New Hampshire, Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection 17685 17393 0 3137 3137 USGS Native Bee Inventory and Monitoring Lab 101 101 0 0 0 GloBI Data Review Report - Datasets in Review from Global Biotic Interactions Datasets under review: - UUniversity of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Division of Insects accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ummz-ummzi/archive/d9282e51f29f3157af2e5869a09ea8a111ddea34.zip on 2023-07-24T22:06:08.671Z - Arizona State University Hasbrouck Insect Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/asu-asuhic/archive/4ed77cb9ca8e526269d4678692e2844c950022f8.zip on 2023-07-24T22:07:09.630Z - California Academy of Sciences Entomology and Entomology Type Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/cas-ent/archive/47d385b73a63aa379cd5e6d3615005ba78b0ffc1.zip on 2023-07-24T22:08:13.753Z - University of California Berkeley, Essig Museum of Entomology accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/emec/archive/93b17a3db566baa001ce9190e6fbdb60fa99dda4.zip on 2023-07-24T22:08:24.495Z - Florida State Collection of Arthropods accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/fsca/archive/2cdcf9475b7e0ef2a728a96535608bc0ce2ac5ca.zip on 2023-07-24T22:08:49.972Z - University of Kansas Natural History Museum accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ku-semc/archive/a9c7cb81050eef68b4428667206a219da458f517.zip on 2023-07-24T22:09:17.016Z - Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/lacm-lacmec/archive/dafbf532c53fbadba126c81186c26d52677aa781.zip on 2023-07-24T22:11:11.442Z - Harvard University M, Morris P J (2021). Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/mcz/archive/b33635a9fc75fd7931ad968cbc11180e6467bfd7.zip on 2023-07-24T22:21:32.961Z - San Diego Natural History Museum accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/sdnhm-sdmc/archive/7238d8b804f543250eb487b43144e1125fb3688a.zip on 2023-07-24T22:26:25.503Z - University of Colorado Museum of Natural History Entomology Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ucm-ucmc/archive/60530dcc82d33c9675a4026ad60dc40bea8f2a91.zip on 2023-07-24T22:26:50.178Z - University of California Santa Barbara Invertebrate Zoology Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/ucsb-izc/archive/66a4e39589d1dfa299d07985546c4be522ff60d8.zip on 2023-07-24T22:27:13.801Z - University of New Hampshire Donald S. Chandler Entomological Collection accessed via https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/unhc-unhc/archive/d7668a6bb4545dc4da0645ecc383169ba547b0f5.zip on 2023-07-24T22:27:28.670Z Generated on: 2023-07-24 by: GloBI's Elton 0.12.6 (see https://github.com/globalbioticinteractions/elton). Note that all files ending with .tsv are files formatted as UTF8 encoded tab-separated values files. https://www.iana.org/assignments/media-types/text/tab-separated-values Included in this review archive are: README: This file. review_summary.tsv: Summary across all reviewed collections of total number of distinct review comments. review_summary_by_collection.tsv: Summary by reviewed collection of total number of distinct review comments. indexed_interactions_by_collection.tsv: Summary of number of indexed interaction records by institutionCode and collectionCode. review_comments.tsv.gz: All review comments by collection. indexed_interactions_full.tsv.gz: All indexed interactions for all reviewed collections. indexed_interactions_simple.tsv.gz: All indexed interactions for all reviewed collections selecting only sourceInstitutionCode, sourceCollectionCode, sourceCatalogNumber, sourceTaxonName, interactionTypeName and targetTaxonName. datasets_under_review.tsv: Details on the datasets under review. elton.jar: Program used to update datasets and generate the review reports and associated indexed interactions. indexed_interactions_bees.tsv: All indexed bee interactions datasets.zip: All datasets reviewed for this publication Big Bee Metrics from the Bee Library and GloBI - July 24, 2023.pdf: Summary statistics from the Bee Library and GloBI about data partners If you have questions or comments about this publication, please open an issue at https://github.com/Big-Bee-Network/issues-observations-and-questions/discussions or contact the authors by email. Funding: The creation of this archive was made possible by the National Science Foundation award Collaborative Research: Digitization TCN: Extending Anthophila research through image and trait digitization (Big-Bee). Award numbers: DBI:2102006, DBI:2101929, DBI:2101908, DBI:2101876, DBI:2101875, DBI:2101851, DBI:2101345, DBI:2101913, DBI:2101891 and DBI:2101850. References: Poelen JH, Simons JD and Mungall CH. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005. Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037 Jorrit Poelen, Tobias Kuhn, & Katrin Leinweber. (2022). globalbioticinteractions/elton: 0.12.5 (0.12.5). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7267926"],"Other":["{"references": ["Seltmann KC, Allen J, Brown BV, Carper A, Engel MS, Franz N, Gilbert E, Grinter C, Gonzalez VH, Horsley P, Lee S, Maier C, Miko I, Morris P, Oboyski P, Pierce NE, Poelen J, Scott VL, Smith M, Talamas EJ, Tsutsui ND, Tucker E (2021) Announcing Big-Bee: An initiative to promote understanding of bees through image and trait digitization. Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 5: e74037. https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.5.74037", "Poelen JH, Simons JD and Mungall CH. (2014). Global Biotic Interactions: An open infrastructure to share and analyze species-interaction datasets. Ecological Informatics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2014.08.005.", "Jorrit Poelen, Tobias Kuhn, & Katrin Leinweber. (2022). globalbioticinteractions/elton: (0.12.4). Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6385185"]}"]}